Fisher, Richard V. : University of California-Santa Barbara

Richard V. Fisher is Professor Emeritus of Geological Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Heiken, Grant : University of New Mexico Main Campus

Grant Heiken, a volcanologist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, teaches courses in volcanology at the University of New Mexico.

Hulen, Jeffrey B. : University of Utah

Jeffrey B. Hulen is a research geologist at the Energy and Geoscience Institute of the University of Utah.

"A vivid, insightful, heavily illustrated book. . . . Most important, Volcanoes is fun. The authors take us on a roller-coaster ride through centuries of volcanic thrills, keeping our attention riveted on the deadly fireworks, while giving us just enough science to deepen our awe."

--William J. Broad, The New York Times Book Review

"A short course in volcanology offered by a team of scientists who bring both scholarship and something like glee to their work. . . . Abundantly illustrated, always accessible and sometimes downright chatty, Volcanoes is a work of science that has not lost its sense of wonder."

--Jonathan Kirsch, Los Angeles Times

"Volcanoes: Crucibles of Change is written by three respected vulcanologists who, having witnessed several volcanic tragedies, hope to inform and educate people about the wonders, the thrills, and the dangers of volcanoes. . . .[It is an] informative and entertaining book."

--Hazel Rymer, The Times Higher Education Supplement

"[An] entertaining and informative book that puts volcanoes firmly in their social and cultural place, as well as summarizing the scientific advances that have helped us to understand why and when they erupt. . . . It's a good read, too, written with enthusiasm and expert knowledge, as well as deadpan humour."

--Sue Bowler, New Scientist

"Volcanoes is a compendium of facts and observations, compellingly and concisely explained."

--Richard Fortey, London Review of Books

Princeton University Press
March, 2000

Whenever a volcano threatens to erupt, scientists and adventurers from around the world flock to the site in response to the irresistible allure of one of nature's most dangerous and unpredictable phenomena. In a unique book probing the science and mystery of these fiery features, the authors chronicle not only their geologic behavior but also their profound effect on human life. From Mount Vesuvius to Mount St. Helens, the book covers the surprisingly large variety of volcanoes, the subtle to conspicuous signs preceding their eruptions, and their far-reaching atmospheric consequences. Here scientific facts take on a very human dimension, as the authors draw upon actual encounters with volcanoes, often through firsthand accounts of those who have witnessed eruptions and miraculously survived the aftermath.

The book begins with a description of the lethal May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens--complete with an explanation of how safety officials and scientists tried to predict events, and how unsuspecting campers and loggers miles away struggled against terrifying blasts of ash, stone, and heat. The story moves quickly to the ways volcanoes have enhanced our lives, creating mineral-rich land, clean thermal energy, and haunting landscapes that in turn benefit agriculture, recreation, mining, and commerce. Religion and psychology embroider the account, as the authors explore the impact of volcanoes on the human psyche through tales of the capricious volcano gods and attempts to appease them, ranging from simple homage to horrific ritual sacrifice.

Volcanoes concludes by assisting readers in experiencing these geological phenomena for themselves. An unprecedented "tourist guide to volcanoes" outlines over forty sites throughout the world. Not only will travelers find information on where to go and how to get there, they will also learn what precautions to take at each volcano. Tourists, amateur naturalists, and armchair travelers alike will find their scientific curiosity whetted by this informative and entertaining book.

Preface
Acknowledgments

Part I: Volcanoes and Eruptions

Chapter 1. Politicians and Volcanoes

A Modern Tragedy: Mount St. Helens

Chapter 2. Why Do Volcanoes Erupt?

From the Tiny Molecule, Giants Grow
Volcano Country

Chapter 3. Volcanoes and Eruptions

Types of Volcanoes
Volcanic Eruptions
Two Eruption Types

Chapter 4. Poseidon and Pluto: Water and Volcanoes

Bikini and the Base Surge
Taal Volcano
Maar Volcanoes and Cinder Cones
A Little-Known Frontier: Volcanic Eruptions under the Sea

Part II: The Hazards of Volcanoes

Chapter 5. Volcanic Hurricanes

What Happens inside a Pyroclastic Flow?
What Goes Up Must Come Down
Mount Unzen and Merapi
Firecloud Rock: A Detective Story
Calderas and Pyroclastic Flows
Volcanism after a Caldera Collapse
World War II and the Battle for a Caldera

Chapter 6. Falling Volcanoes and Floods of Mud

A Mountain Fell
Debris Avalanches and Slides beneath the Sea
Volcanic Debris Flows (Lahars)
Potential Destruction from Mount Rainier

Chapter 7. Lava Flows

Stopping a Lava Flow
Interrupting a Lava Flow
The 1991-1992 Eruption of Mount Etna
Lava Put to Use
A Ride on a Lava Flow

Chapter 8. Never Sail through an Eruption Cloud

A Sailing Ship and a Jet
Other Encounters with Ash Clouds
Jetliners
Ash and Aircraft Safety

Chapter 9. The Breath of Volcanoes

Effects of Volcanic Gases
The Year without a Summer

Part III: Myths and Benefits of Volcanoes

Chapter 10. Sometimes the Gods Are Angry

Volcanoes Assault the Senses
Changing Ideas from Old to New
Thera (Santorini): Its Influence on the Modern World
Volcanoes and the Underworld
Divine Intervention
The Making of a Myth
The Emergence of Volcanology as a Science
Science and Modern Ritual

Chapter 11. Volcanoes for Consumers

Skiing and Hot Baths
Construction Materials and Kitty Litter
The Grand Tour
Modern Volcano Tourism

Chapter 12. Volcanic Treasures: Steam, Gold, and Diamonds

Steam
Oil and Volcanoes Don't Mix ... or Do They?
Volcanoes and Prospectors' Dreams
Volcanic Gemstones

Chapter 13. From Ashes Grow the Vines

The Allure of Volcanoes
Fertility and Rebirth
Recovery from Vulcan's Devastation

Chapter 14. Volcanic Rocks: Guardians of History

Volcanic Ash: The Nearly Perfect Preservative
Human Origins in the Ethiopian Rift
Preserving Historic Cultures

Part IV: Living near Volcanoes

Chapter 15. Mitigation and Survival

Assessing the Hazards: The Pulse of Volcanoes
What Is a Disaster?
The Lesson of Armero
Mount Pinatubo: A Success Story
Volcanologists on the Front Lines
Dante and the Volcano

Appendix 1 The Volcano Traveler
Appendix 2 Metric Conversion Table
Index