Chunlong (Carl) Zhang is an Associate Professor of Environmental Science and Environmental Chemistry at the University of Houston-Cleat Lake.

"This unique reference focuses on the overall framework and why various methodologies are used in environmental sampling and analysis. An understanding of the underlying theories and principles empowers environmental professionals to select and adapt the proper sampling and analytical protocols for specific contaminants as well as for specific project applications." "With real-life case studies that illustrate the principles plus problems and questions at the end of each chapter to solidify understanding, this is a practical, hands-on reference for practitioners and a great textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental science and engineering."--BOOK JACKET.

Preface.

1. Introduction to Environmental Data Acquisition.1.1 Introduction.1.1.1 Importance of Scientifically Reliable and Legally Defensible Data.1.1.2 Sampling Error vs. Analytical Error During Data Acquisition.1.2 Environmental Sampling.1.2.1 Scope of Environmental Sampling.1.2.2 Where, When, What, How, and How Many.1.3 Environmental Analysis.1.3.1 Uniqueness of Modern Environmental Analysis.1.3.2 Classical and Modern Analytical and Monitoring Techniques.References.Questions and Problems.

2. Basics of Environmental Sampling and Analysis.2.1 Essential Analytical and Organic Chemistry.2.1.1 Concentration Units.2.1.2 Common Organic Pollutants and Their Properties.2.1.3 Analytical Precision, Accuracy, and Recovery.2.1.4 Detection Limit and Quantitation Limit.2.1.5 Standard Calibration Curve.2.2 Essential Environmental Statistics.2.2.1 Measurements of Central Tendency and Dispersion.2.2.2 Understanding Probability Distributions.2.2.3 Type I and II Errors: False Positive and False Negative.2.2.4 Detection of Outliers.2.2.5 Analysis of Censored Data.2.2.6 Analysis of Spatial and Time Series Data.2.3 Essential Hydrology and Geology.2.3.1 Stream Water Flow and Measurement.2.3.2 Groundwater Flow in Aquifers.2.3.3 Groundwater Wells.2.4 Essential Knowledge of Environmental Regulations.2.4.1 Major Regulations Administrated by the U.S. EPA.2.4.2 Other Important Environmental Regulations.References.Questions and Problems.

3. Environmental Sampling Design.3.1 Planning and Sampling Protocols.3.1.1 Data Quality Objectives.3.1.2 Basic Considerations of Sampling Plan.3.2 Sampling Environmental Population.3.2.1 Where (Space) and When (Time) to Sample.3.2.2 Obtain Representative Samples from Various Matrices.3.3 Environmental Sampling Approaches: Where and When.3.3.1 Judgmental Sampling.3.3.2 Simple Random Sampling.3.3.3 Stratified Random Sampling.3.3.4 Systematic Sampling.3.3.5 Other Sampling Designs.3.4 Estimating Sample Numbers: How Many Samples are Required.References.Questions and Problems.

4. Environmental Sampling Techniques.4.1 General Guidelines of Environmental Sampling Techniques.4.1.1 Sequence of Sampling Matrices and Analytes.4.1.2 Sample Amount.4.1.3 Sample Preservation and Storage.4.1.4 Selection of Sample Containers.4.1.5 Selection of Sampling Equipment.4.2 Techniques for Sampling Various Media: Practical Approaches and Tips.4.2.1 Surface Water and Wastewater Sampling.4.2.2 Groundwater Sampling.4.2.3 Soil and Sediment Sampling.4.2.4 Hazardous Waste Sampling.4.2.5 Biological Sampling.4.2.6 Air and Stack Emission Sampling.References.Questions and Problems.

5. Methodology and Quality Assurance/Quality Control of Environmental Analysis.5.1 Overview on Standard Methodologies.5.1.1 The U.S. EPA Methods for Air, Water, Wastewater, and Hazardous Waste.5.1.2 Other Applicable Methods: APHA/ASTM/OSHA/NIOSH/USGS/AOAC.5.2 Selection of Standard Methods.5.2.1 Methods for Sample Preparation.5.2.2 Methods for Physical, Biological, and General Chemical Parameters.5.2.3 Methods for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).5.2.4 Methods for Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs).5.2.5 Methods for Other Pollutants and Compounds of Emerging Environmental Concerns.5.3 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC).5.3.1 Types of Field QA/QC Samples.5.3.2 Numbers of Field QA/QC Samples.5.4 Analytical Quality Assurance/Quality Control.5.4.1 Quality Control Procedures for Sample Preparation.5.4.2 Quality Control Procedures During Analysis.References.Questions and Problems.

6. Common Operations and Wet Chemical Methods in Environmental Laboratories.6.1 Basic Operations in Environmental Laboratories.6.1.1 Labware Cleaning Protocols for Trace Analysis.6.1.2 Chemical Reagent Purity, Standard, and Reference Materials.6.1.3 Volumetric Glassware and Calibration.6.1.4 Laboratory Health, Safety, and Emergency First Aid.6.1.5 Waste Handling and Disposal.6.2 Wet Chemical Methods and Common Techniques in Environmental Analysis.6.2.1 Gravimetric and Volumetric Wet Chemical Metho